Energy Use Patterns of Pearl Millet (Pennisetumglaucum (L.)) Production in Haryana, India

Pearl millet (Pennisetumglaucum (L.)) is the fifth most important cereal crop in world after rice, wheat, maize and sorghum. A resolution adopted by UN General Assembly on 3 March 2021 decided to declare 2023 as International Year of Millets. Millet has been promoted due its nutritional value low irrigation requirement. In this study, pearl was selected for energy auditing, production amount a direct function input. The needs be augmented fulfill an increasing demand. produced using various sources energy. This study conducted examine use pattern different categories farmers, such small, medium large, Hisar district, Haryana, India. distributed operations, including preparatory tillage, sowing, interculture, fertilizer, irrigation, pesticide, harvesting, threshing transportation. source-wise (direct indirect) operation-wise consumption were calculated all farmers. average input large farmers 2849.09 MJ.ha−1, 3027.21 MJ.ha−1 4021.50 respectively. highest consumed fertilizer application (52%), with lowest seed (2%). ratios 3.92, 9.40 13.80, could improve agricultural systems regarding values inputs outputs.